He used a thumb switch and a blink-switch attached to his glasses to control his computer. Hawking used assistive technology to compensate for mobility and speech difficulties. Hawking was regularly asked to speak at meetings and conferences and had to develop and publish new ideas to maintain a place in the forefront of academia. This presented a problem because as a researcher and scientist Dr. Hawking received assistance for most movement and was unable to speak without the aid of a computer.
His most popular book, A Brief History of Time, was published in 1988. Although his life was expected by some physicians to be short, he died at the age of 76 after living for more than 50 years with ALS. He published many articles and several books on theoretical physics and the Big Bang theory. Hawking became a professor at the University of Cambridge in England. People with ALS typically maintain intelligence, memory, and personality, even in late stages of the disease. Eventually, muscles atrophy and voluntary control of muscles is lost.
As ALS progresses, the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain interfere with messages to muscles in the body. Hawking was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), commonly referred to in the U.S. He studied math and physics and earned a PhD in physics. Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942 and lived a good portion of his life without a disability.
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